Life Union Corporation, 2, Money, Massachusetts Bay & Company & 6, Government, UN, US, MA, 1629

Life Union Corporation, 2, Money, 40 to 48, 1628, Northern Company of Virginia Company, Massachusetts Bay & Company

Life Union Corporation, 6, UN, US, MA, 1629

17th Century Translations at www.life-union.com/2/MassachusettsBay&Company Numismatics of Life Union Corporation

from http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/mass03.htm Yale University

17th Century exchange rates reference with http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Wampum.intro.html Notre Dame University

Councell established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the plantinge, ruling, ordering, and governing of Newe England in America. (40-48 N.)

Governor and Company of 40-48 degrees North Latitude

WITNES ourself, at Westminster, the fourth day of March, in the fourth Yeare of our Raigne, Charles I: Rex Brittania of the Realme of England

18° Martii, 1628 Julian Calendar where 25 March is start of year, Ides of March, Conception Day of Yehoshua, to be born 25 December in Julian Calendar Standards of 1628 / 1629 Gregorian methodology and standards of 21st Century US.

Is actually in March 1629.

Knight Grantee (Director)
- Sir Henry Rosewell
Knight Grantee (Assistant Director)
- Sir John Young
Governor (Manager)
- Mathewe Cradocke
Deputy Governor (Assistant Manager)
- Thomas Goffe
General Court, Assemblie, Assistants, (Office Staff)
1. Sir Richard Saltonstall
2. Isaack Johnson
3. Samuell Aldersey
4. John Ven
5. John Humfrey
6. John Endecott
7. Simon Whetcombe
8. Increase Nowell
9. Richard Pery
10. Nathaniell Wright
11. Samuell Vassall
12. Theophilus Eaton
13. Thomas Adams
14. Thomas Hutchins
15. John Browne
16. George Foxcrofte
17. William Vassall
18. William Pinchion
1/5 of gold and silver to Charles I at Eastgreenewich Mannor, County of Kent, City of London, Realme of England.
Assistants Covrt or Assemblie vpon every last Wednesday in Hillary, Easter, Trinity, and Michas Termes
4 wampampeage white = 1 penny
2 wampampeage blewe = 1 penny
1 bushel of corn in 1630's = 5 shillings = 60 pence = 360 wampampeage white = 1/4 english silver pound
first price of wampampeage white = 6 beads per penny.
1 english sterling pound = 6 wampampeage white per penny * 240 pennies per english silver pound = 1440 wampampeage white per english sterling pound.
Formation of a schoale or college in 1636 now called Harvard University = 400 english sterling pounds = 1600 bushels of corn = 400*1440 = 576,000 wampampeage white.
Farm Values 1628, Englishman around 5 feet tall average.
- Initial Wampampege White 1d = 4 beads = 1 penny = 4 farthings = 24 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 1d = 2 beads = 1 penny = 4 farthings = 24 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 2d = 4 beads = 2 pence = 8 farthings = 48 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege White 3d = 12 beads = 3 pence = 12 farthings = 72 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 6d = 12 beads = 6 pence = 24 farthings = 144 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege White 12d = 48 beads = 1 shilling = 12 pence = 48 farthings = 288 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege White 15d = 60 beads = 1 shilling 3 pence = 15 pence = 60 farthings = 360 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 2s = 48 beads = 2 shillings = 24 pence = 96 farthings = 576 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 2 1/2s (30d) = 60 beads = 2 shillings 6 pence = 30 pence = 120 farthings = 720 grain weights
- Initial Wampampege White 5s (60d) = 240 beads = 5 shillings = 60 pence = 240 farthings = 1440 grain weights = 1 bushel corn
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 5s (60d) = 120 beads = 5 shillings = 60 pence = 240 farthings = 1440 grain weights = 1 bushel corn
- Initial Wampampege Blewe 10s (120d) = 240 beads = 10 shillings = 120 pence = 480 farthings = 2880 grain weights = 2 bushels corn
  - 240 Initial Wampampege white beads * 0.25 inches per bead = 60 inches = 5 feet plus or so.
    - 6 feet of beads at 0.25 inches per bead is 288 beads Adjusted Wampampege white and 144 beads Adjusted Wampampege blewe.
  - 288 beads divided by 6 pence per bead = 48 pence. 48 pence / 12 pence per shilling = 4 shillings per bushel for a six foot or more average native American height
- 1 bushel of corn = 288 wampampege white or 144 wampampege blewe beads / 4 beads per pence = 72 pence = 6 shillings per corn bushel.
6 shillings = 72 pence * 24 = 1728 grain weights
1 grain = 1/480 grain weight.
1 troy pound = 5760 grain weights.
1728/5760 = 0.3 troy pound of sterling silver 92.5% pure.
0.3 troy pounds = 3.6 troy ounces.
At 2006-11-09 at 7:09PM EST, 1 troy ounce of silver 99.99% pure at www.xe.com is $12.992 USD
Live mid-market rates as of 2006.11.10 00:10:15 UTC. 1.00 XAG
Silver Ounces = 12.9920 USD
United States Dollars 1 XAG = 12.9920 USD 1 USD = 0.0769707 XAG
12.992*.925 = $12.0176 USD
$12.0176*3.6 = $43.26336 USD not including 7.5% copper content in the silver.
Below are three strands of white and blue wampum beads; each strand is approximately 20" in length, containing about 175 beads. Originally the strands would have been on leather string. from http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinText/Wampum.html
- 20 inches / 175 beads = 0.114285714 inches per bead.
- 0.114285714 in = 2.90285714 millimeters
  - So this throws off the calculations of a say 0.25 inches per bead If this is 0.125 inches per bead, this means that there are approximately 8 beads per inch in 1636 Massachusetts Bay & Company standards. With numismatics comes standards of measurement, this is clearly an issue between the standards of Massachusetts bay, Plymouth bay, Narragansett bay, new haven bay, Manhattan bay, the fresh (Verse or Connecticut) river, the north (Hudson) river, the south (Delaware) river and the various communities both European and Native American of 1636 plus or minus 10 or so years. As Plymouth Plantations otherwise known as the farms and settlements of Plymouth Bay now in Plymouth County of Massachusetts were introduced to the wampampege numismatics in 1627 by Isaac de Rasiers of the Nieu Nederlandt (New Netherlands) farms of the Walloons, Dutch, Belgic peoples. Soon the New Sweden farms and settlements were coming into play in the South (Delaware) River areas bringing in the Daler, Riksdaler and so on money of Sweden. The Dutch money system of Guilders and Stivers had been going for some few years before 1627 at Manahatta (Manhattan), Fort Nassau later known as Fort Oranje and now as Albany New York, Breuklynn (Brooklyn), the Estates General Eylant now Staten Island, and to the Nieu Caesaraen now known as New Jersey. Many various methods of counting numis, which comes from nomos of Greek meaning custom or law, were existing in 1636 up and down the eastern seaboard of the now United States of America, predating the US Dollar by 150 years. The pieces of eight of the Spanish farms and settlements to the south became a large standard of currency, but still not the own self published numis of the companies and farmers themselves representing the various large company holders known as kings and their queens by the English standard.
  - In ur spare time if u want to read, I'm writing this article online about the initial establishment of Massachusetts Bay & Company by the English http://www.life-union.com/2/MassachusettsBay&Company/ if u can look for errors in accuracy. is the year 1640 and before mainly. if u see, Harvard was started for 400 pounds equivalent, corn was the standard of numis in 1636 exchangeable for wampampege. specifically I'm studying the numis and standards of the eastern seaboard of what is now the united states of America in the year 1640 and before if you or anyone at the Peabody or Harvard in general could assist, this is a complicated subject.
  - 1 grain = 0.06479891 grams
  - Silver in Grainweight
    - Shilling Grainweights - 100.3, 70.8, 50.9, 66.7, 63.6, 66.2, 68.4,
    - Sixpence Grainweights - 24.3, 32.6, 41.5,
    - Threepence Grainweights - 17.3, 17.6,
    - Twopence Grainweights - 10.4,
    - Penny Grainweights -
    - Half Penny Grainweights -
    - Farthing Grainweights -
    - Real of Eight Grainweights - 420 grains of .9350 fine silver,
    - Troy Ounce Grainweight - 62d (5s2d) in British sterling (that is .925 fine silver) the value of a Spanish dollar was 54d (4s6d)
  - Copper in Grainweight
    - Threepence Grainweights - 139.9 , 152 , 124.4, 136.1, 130.3, 142.2,
    - Twopence Grainweights - 89.6, 79.9, 86.2, 98.8, 78.6, 83.4, 75.9, 65.2, 80.0, 90.4, 103.0, 78.2, 81.9, 83.1, 79.0, 83.4, 68.7,
    - Penny Grainweights -
    - Half Penny Grainweights -
    - Farthing Grainweights -
    - Denarium Grainweights - 79.01, 58.0
  - Bronze in Grainweight
    - Denarium Grainweights - 76.5,
  - Tin in Grainweight
    - Denarium Grainweights - 56.02,
  - Pewter in Grainweight
  - Brass in Grainweight
    - Denarium Grainweights - 70.99,
  - Gold in Grainweight
  - Lead in Grainweight
    - Shilling - 134.3,
- 1 d = 1 pennyweight = 24 grainweights = 0.05 troy ounces = 0.00416666667 troy pounds = 0.00342857143 avoirdupois pounds
- 1 troy ounce = 240 grains = 20 pennyweights = 20d = 480 grainweights
- 1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces = 5760 grainweights
- 1 troy pound = 5760 grainweigths = 373.241722 grams
- 1 auvoirdupois pound = 7000 grainweights = 453.59237 grams
- 1440 grainweight / 5760 grainweight = 0.25 troy pounds = 60 pennyweight (60d) = 1/4 of a troy pound = 3 troy ounces
- 240 pennyweight = 12 troy ounces = 1 troy pound = 5760 grainweight = 480 halfpennyweight = 960 farthingweight
  - 1 farthing (1 f or 1/4d) = 6 grainweight
  - 5/16 penny (5/16d) = 7.5 grainweight = 1/64 troy ounce
  - 1 halfpenny (1/2 d) = 12 grainweight = 2 farthings
  - 5/8 pence (5/8d) = 15 grainweight = 1/32 troy ounce
  - 3 farthings (3f or 3/4d) = 18 grainweight
  - 1 penny (1d) = 24 grainweight
  - 1 1/4 pence (1-1/4d) = 30 grainweight = 1/16 troy ounce
  - 2 pence (2d) = 48 grainweight
  - 2 1/2 pence (2-1/2d) = 60 grainweight = 1/8 troy ounce
  - 3 pence (3d) = 72 grainweight
  - 4 pence (4d) = 96 grainweight
  - 5 pence (5d) = 120 grainweight = 1/4 troy ounce
  - 6 pence (6d or 1/2s) = 144 grainweight = 1/2 shilling
  - 10 pence (10d) = 240 grainweight = 1/2 troy ounce
  - 1 shilling (1s or 12d) = 288 grainweight
  - 15 pence (1s 3d or 15d) = 360 grainweight
  - 20 pence (1s 8d or 20d) = 480 grainweight = 1 troy ounce
  - 2 shillings (2s or 24d) = 576 grainweight
  - 2 1/2 shillings (2-1/2s or 30d) = 720 grainweight
  - 40 pence (3s 4d or 40d) = 960 grainweight = 2 troy ounces
  - 5 shillings (5s or 60d) = 1440 grainweight
  - 80 pence (6s 8d or 80d) = 1920 grainweight = 3 troy ounces
  - 10 shillings (10s or 120d) = 2880 grainweigth
  - 15 shillings (15s or 180d) = 4320 grainweight
  - 1 pound (1L or 12s or 240d) = 5760 grainweight
    - Today, 2006-11-10 in Copper Grainweight to Start.
      - Copper Prices on www.google.com brings the page www.metalprices.com
        
        on metalprices.com, copper of 1 pound (7000 grainweight) = $3.2752USD
      - 1 grainweight = 3.2752/7000 = 0.000467885714 USD
      - 6 grainweight = 0.00280731428 USD
    - But as you see, this is the copper price. One has to remember that the farthing is the copper equivalent of the price in silver sterling of 0.925 percent silver and 0.075 copper or some other base metal, could be tin.
  - Let's assume 0.075 copper.
  - Tin is 4.5586 USD per pound which is 4.5586/7000 = 0.000651228571 USD = 1 grainweight tin.
- Therefore, 1 farthing of silver is 6 grainweight, I go to www.xe.com Currency and Foreign Exchange calculator online.
  - 1 Silver Ounce = 1 Silver Troy Ounce = 1 XAG = 13.1289 USD = 240 grainweight = 12 pennyweight
    - One must remember, that the coin sterling silver is 0.925 of silver and the XAG is 0.999 of silver.
    - 13.1289 USD = 240 grainweight in silver 0.999
    - 12.1442325 USD Silver Troy Ounce = 240 grainweight silver 0.925
    - 3.2752 USD = 7000 grainweight copper 0.999
    - 0.000467885714 USD = 1 grainweight copper 0.999
    - 0.112292571 USD = 240 grainweight copper 0.999
    - 0.00842194282 USD = 240 grainweight copper 0.925
    - 12.1442325+0.00842194282 = 12.1526544 USD = 240 grainweight silver+copper 0.925+0.075
    - 12.1526544/240 = 0.05063606 USD = 1 grainweight
    - 1 farthing = 6 grainweight = 0.30381636 USD of copper grainweight
    - 0.000467885714 USD of 0.30381636 USD = 649.338826 grainweights
    - 480 grainweights = 1 troy ounce = 1/12 troy pound
    - 649.338826/7000 = 0.0927626894 auvoirdupois pounds of copper 0.999
    - 0.0927626894*3.2752USD = 0.30381636 USD
    - Therefore 1 farthing = 0.30381636 USD or about 30 US Cents at November 10, 2006
    - If 4 farthings = 1 pence, then 0.30381636*4 = 1.21526544 USD
    - This is saying that at 1636 standards made to present 2006 standards, which is 370 years later, 1 wampumpeage white = $0.30USD at Retail Prices.
    - Now what is the standard of length for 1 wampampeage white for Massachusetts Bay in 1636?
    - The standard of length for Massachusetts Bay at present time is Inches or Millimeters in 2006.
    - The standard of length for Wampum World is millimeters and a variety of bead lengths.
      - As per www.wampumworld.com the 6. Drilled Through = 5000 series beads, cabochons, and shapes
    - 2mm x 2mm length x width = 1.00 USD medium grade purple = 0.50 USD white = 0.0787401575 inches length
    - 3mm x 2mm length x width = 1.50 USD medium grade purple = 0.75 USD white = 0.118110236 inches length
    - 6mm x 3mm length x width = 3.00 USD medium grade purple = 1.50 USD white = 0.236220472 inches length
    - 7mm x 6mm length x width = 5.00 USD medium grade purple = 2.50 USD white = 0.275590551 inches length
    - 8mm x 3mm length x width = 4.00 USD medium grade purple = 2.00 USD white = 0.31496063 inches length
    - 10mm x 3mm length x width = 4.50 USD medium grade purple = 2.25 USD white = 0.393700787 inches length
    - 10mm x 4mm length x width = 5.00 USD medium grade purple = 2.50 USD white = 0.393700787 inches length
    - 10mm x 5mm length x width = 6.00 USD medium grade purple = 3.00 USD white = 0.393700787 inches length
    - 10mm x 6mm length x width = 8.00 USD medium grade purple = 4.00 USD white = 0.393700787 inches length

Updated 2006-11-08 www.joshualeefreeman.com, M